Understanding The Vital Role Of Construction Scaffolding

At the heart of any construction site, you’ll find construction scaffolding – a temporary framework erected to support structures, materials, and work crew in the construction or repair of buildings and other edifices. As the core of the construction industry, scaffolding serves as both a bridge and a platform, facilitating access and safety, two critical elements in the field.

Scaffolding caters to various sectors such as commercial, residential and industrial construction. It adapts to each scenario, be it painting a multi-storied building, conducting repairs on a historic monument, or constructing a skyscraper from the ground up, scaffolding provides the necessary maneuverability and functionality.

However, constructing these essential tools requires specific expertise, and that’s where Select Access Australia comes into play. They are renowned for creating, installing, and managing tailored scaffolding solutions to cater to an array of construction needs.

Types of Construction Scaffolding

Different types of construction jobs require specific scaffolding. Each type varies in its design, purpose, and capacity. Here are the three main types of scaffolding seen in construction sites:

  • Supported Scaffolding: This is the most common type, consisting of one or more platforms supported by poles, frames, and outriggers. It can be used for any height and is typically used due to its versatility, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
  • Suspended Scaffolding: These are platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure. They are commonly used for repair work, painting, and maintenance tasks.
  • Rolling Scaffolding: Similar to supported scaffolding, but fitted with castor wheels that allow it to be rolled from one place to another. This provides mobility for workers without the need to dismantle and reassemble the scaffold.

Each type must conform to safety standards and be inspected regularly to ensure the safety of the work crew and the stability of the structure.

The Role of Select Access Australia

As a leading scaffolding expert in Australia, Select Access Australia has mastered the art of combining safety and functionality in all their scaffolding solutions. Their solutions are not only engineered to meet the highest safety standards but also tailored to the unique needs of each construction project, ensuring optimum work productivity and ease of access.

From their trained professionals to their advanced tools and methods, Select Access Australia offers comprehensive scaffold services. Their service portfolio ranges from scaffold design and installation to inspection and maintenance, providing a one-stop solution for all scaffolding needs.

The Importance of Safe Scaffolding

Without a doubt, safety is paramount when it comes to scaffolding. Erection, alteration, and dismantling processes must comply with regulations and guidelines to prevent accidents. This is why the expertise of companies like Select Access Australia is invaluable.

Inspecting the construction scaffold before each work shift, ensuring it’s secured against adverse weather conditions, and confirming that workers have the necessary training to work at heights are key safety measures. The responsibility lies with the employers and scaffold professionals to ensure that safety standards are met and upheld.

In conclusion, construction scaffolding is a vital asset in the construction industry, playing a crucial role in facilitating access, ensuring the safety of workers and increasing productivity. Companies like Select Access Australia illustrate the importance of expert led, safe, and efficient scaffolding solutions in the ever-evolving construction industry.

Posted by Admin in Scaffolding - Comments (0)
29 December

What Is A Ufo?

Introduction

There is much talk about UFOs sometimes. Is there anyway? If so what are they? Here are some questions we want to answer them briefly in this paper. An unidentified flying object or UFO is defined as any apparent object in the sky that can’t be identified and classified as an object or phenomenon already known. But the name is generally widely used to refer to the alleged or actual observations of alien ships. Today, the vast majority of observed UFOs are later identified as conventional objects or phenomena (such as aircraft, meteorological balloons, clouds). However, some of them can not be identified, either due to lack of evidence or due to the lack of conventional explanations, despite extensive evidence. Some people believe that the latest cases represent possible observations of alien spacecraft craft. The issue of past observations is difficult to explain otherwise than through the existence of other civilizations more advanced than ours. UFO events in the last thirty years are hard to analyze and classify, as we now have intelligent ships with special capabilities that can easily be confused with an alien ship.

The term “UFO” (or “UFOB”) was officially created in 1953 by the United States Air Force (USAF) in order to be used as a single term for all such reports. In its initial form, the USAF has stated that a “UFOB” is “any object in the air that through performance, aerodynamic characteristics or unusual features does not conform to any aircraft or rocket type currently known or which can’t be positively identified.” In other words, the term was officially and initially limited to that fraction of cases that remained unidentified after the investigation because the USAF was concerned about the definition or classification of unidentified cases due to national security concerns and/or “technical issues” (Aircraft Regulation 200-2).

Between 1940 and 1950, UFOs were often called “flying saucers” or “flying disks”. The term UFO has become more widespread since the 1950s, at first only in technical literature, but later in popular use. But UFOs have gained a special interest only during the Cold War, an era associated with a growing concern for national security and, more recently, after 2010, due to the permanent confrontations and the military and political interests of today’s great powers. However, on the basis of various studies, it has been concluded that the UFO phenomenon does not pose a direct threat to US national security, nor does it contain anything worthy of scientific follow-up (for example, the 1951 Flying Saucer Working Group, CIA Robertson Panel 1953, Blue Book Project in the US, Condon Committee; Unidentified flying object, From Wikipedia).

Methods and Materials

Studies conducted over the years have shown that most of the initially declared UFO phenomena are actually misidentified conventional objects or natural phenomena – most commonly aircraft, balloons, noctilucents, clouds or astronomical objects such as meteors or bright planets with a Small percentage, but sometimes even scammers. However, they remain between 5 and 20% of the reported observations that can’t be explained and can therefore be classified as unidentified in the most strict sense. If supporters of the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH) suggest that all these inexplicable reports are of extraterrestrial spaceships, the null hypothesis can’t be excluded from the fact that these reports are simply more prosaic phenomena that can’t be identified due to the lack of complete information or due to the subjectivity of reporting.

Even though UFO phenomena have been the subject of extensive investigation by various governments and although some scientists have supported the alien hypothesis, almost no rigorous scientific research on UFOs has been published in scientifically evaluated journals, for fear of Or because of political interdictions or the fear of raising the phenomenon to a dangerous rank at which public opinion might be alarmed (a kind of ostrich policy). In the past, there has been a debate in the scientific community if a scientific investigation into UFO visions is justified by the general conclusion that the phenomenon was not worthy of serious inquiry but as a cultural artifact.

The gap left by the lack of institutional science research has given rise to researchers and independent groups, including the NICAP in the mid-twentieth century and more recently to the UFO Mutual UFO Network and the UFO Study Center (Center for UFO Studies). The term “ufology” is used to describe the collective efforts of those studying the reports and evidence associated with unidentified flying objects.

UFOs have become a dominant theme in modern culture, making phenomena treated from a sociological and psychological point of view.

Various unexplained aerial observations have been reported throughout history. Some were doubtless astronomical: Comets, brilliant meteors, one or more of the five planets that can be seen with the naked eye, planetary conjunctions or atmospheric optical phenomena, such as parhelia and lenticular clouds. An example is the Comet of Halley, which was first recorded by Chinese astronomers in 240 BC and probably since 467 BC. Such a view throughout history has often been treated as supernatural commandments, angels, or other religious human beings. Some UFO researchers have recently observed similarities between some religious symbols in medieval paintings and UFO reports, although the canonical and symbolic character of such images is documented by art historians by placing more conventional religious interpretations on such images.

The 1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg has been interpreted by some UFO authors as an aerial battle of extraterrestrial spacecraft.

A broadsheet published in 1566 depicted numerous spherical objects appearing out of the sun. This event is depicted in a 16th-century woodcut by Samuel Coccius (Samuel Koch) and Samuel Apiarius.

About the time of Michael the Brave’s attack on Târgovite which was occupied by the Ottoman Army there were reports of a bizarre “comet” that appeared in the city, staying pinned on the sky and shining over the Wallachian (Romanian) camp. Reportedly, it stayed there for about two hours before vanishing.

Belatedly recorded in the Annals over a month late, on September 26, 1609, over “clear and cloudless” skies (three places recorded Sa hour (9-11 AM), one recorded Oh hour (noon) and one recorded Mi hour (1-3 PM)), a shiny object resembling “a bowl” or “a washbasin”, suddenly appeared over the skies, made “a thunderous sound” and flew “fast like an arrow” and that “heaven and earth shook”. It looked “as if it would land”, but then it “tilted and rose” and then “it disappeared into sparks”, with a comment that “it looked as if it was in the air by some energy” (Aversa et al., 2016a; 2016b; 2016c; 2016d; 2016e; 2016f).

In 1801, as reported in the Hull Packet, a fiery object is said to have appeared suddenly over the Humber, an immense moon-like globe with a black bar across the centre of its face. For a moment it bathed Hull and the Humber in a mysterious blue light. Then, it split into seven smaller fireballs and vanished.

On February 22 (or March 24) in 1803 local fishermen reportedly saw a vessel drifting in close-by waters. They say when they investigated it, “a beautiful young woman” they described as having red and white hair and dressed in strange clothes appeared. The fisherman claim she held a square box “that no one was allowed to touch” and she spoke to them in a language they never heard before. Modern UFO believers think this story was a credible document of a close encounter of the third kind in early Japan. Historians and Ethnologists consider it to be folklore.

On January 25, 1878, Denison Daily News published an article in which John Martin, a local farmer, reported that he saw a large, dark, circular object similar to a balloon flying at amazing speed. Martin, according to the newspaper, said that the flying object seems to have the shape of a saucer, this being the first known use of the word “saucer” in association with a UFO (Booth, BJ., American Chronicle).

On August 12, 1883, the astronomer José Bonilla reported that he saw more than 300 dark, unidentified objects crossing the sun disk while observing sunspot activity at Zacatecas Observatory in Mexico. He was able to take several photographs, exposing wet plates at 1/100 second. It was subsequently determined that the objects were high-flying geese.

A letter from the US consulate in Maracaibo, Venezuela, was printed in the December 18, 1886 issue of Scientific American reporting a meteorological occurrence described as a bright light accompanied by a humming noise that caused occupants of a hut to become ill.

In 1897, in April, thousands men and women reported that they had seen UFO in various parts of the United States, many of their statements being even signed (Mirsayar et al., 2017).

On February 28, 1904, a UFO phenomenon was observed by three crew members at USS Supply, 483 km west of San Francisco, reported by Lieutenant Frank Schofield, later commander of the Pacific Battle fleet. Schofield then told about three red circular flying objects in the formation that came close to the cloud, then they changed the course and rose above the clouds, reaching directly from the ground up to the clouds in just two to three minutes. The largest had an apparent size of about six Suns, he said (NOSM, 1904).

Strange moving lights and some solid bodies in the sky were seen around Otago and elsewhere in New Zealand and were reported to newspapers in 1909.

The three earliest known pilot UFO sightings, of 1,305 similar sittings cataloged by NARCAP, took place in 1916 and 1926. On January 31, 1916, a UK pilot near Rochford reported a row of lights, resembling lighted windows on a railway carriage that rose and disappeared. In January 1926 a pilot reported six “flying manhole covers” between Wichita, Kansas and Colorado Springs, Colorado. In late September 1926 an airmail pilot over Nevada said he had been forced to land by a huge, wingless, cylindrical object (Unidentified flying object, From Wikipedia).

On August 5, 1926, while traveling in the Humboldt Mountains of Tibet’s Kokonor region, Russian explorer Nicholas Roerich reported, members of his expedition saw “something big and shiny reflecting the sun, like a huge oval moving at great speed. Crossing our camp the thing changed in its direction from south to southwest. And we saw how it disappeared in the intense blue sky. We even had time to take our field glasses and saw quite distinctly an oval form with shiny surface, one side of which was brilliant from the sun.” Another description by Roerich was a “shiny body flying from north to south. Field glasses are at hand. It is a huge body. One side glows in the sun. It is oval in shape. Then it somehow turns in another direction and disappears in the southwest”, (Roerich, 2001).

Results

Another important observation is that after the Second World War we started to build modern flying ships with many capabilities that can easily be confused with an alien ship.

Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) is the generic name given to actual or apparent flying bodies that can not be identified as known (natural phenomenon or human creation), nor after a specialized investigation. The term was introduced around 1950. At present, the term “unidentified aerospace phenomenon” is preferred, as it is not always certain that it is an object and sometimes UFO and ground observations were made underwater but also In outer space. However, the term UFO is too widespread to be removed. The name “flying saucer” appeared on June 24, 1947, when businessman Kenneth Arnold, flying on his own plane over the mountains of the northwestern United States, saw passing by at incredible speed some “silver objects “Which, he said later, was like a saucer that you throw at the surface of a water. The next day the newspapers wrote about “flying saucers.” UFOs can be night lights, diurnal objects, radar and radar-visual objects. If a UFO is seen at a distance of less than 150 meters, the phenomenon is called a “first-degree meeting”; if it is less than 150 meters long, it leaves traces (on the ground, on plants, on living beings, on humans, on appliances, etc.), we are talking about a “second degree meeting” and “occupants” is termed a “3rd degree meeting”. More recently, an alleged abduction of people is called a “4th degree meeting.”

Unexpectedly UFOs are often natural phenomena: planets, boulders, stratospheric clouds (especially in dusk), globular lightning, etc. But also human creations: airplanes (especially experimental), helicopters, balloons, etc. There are also pranks. However, for about 5-10% of the observations, these explanations are excluded. For this reason, it is often the association between UFOs and presumed spacecraft belonging to an alien technology, underground civilizations or even demons. This hypothesis is rejected if we consider the kind of “extraterrestrials” common in SF films and novels that would have traveled their material vessels through the Cosmos to us. Many specialists, however, associate UFOs with civilizations that can’t be put on the same level as ours, with an advance of hundreds of millions of years to the earth. There are associations with religious, spiritual, folkloric phenomena, etc. With which many common details were highlighted.

Testimonies on UFOs have been recorded in texts since antiquity and have been seen in the Middle Ages as well as in the modern age. There are consistent interpretations of the UFO phenomenon in the Bible. In Romania, the earliest recordings appear in the “Moldavian Chronicle,” which wrote that on November 8, 1517 “a great sign appeared in the sky, that it shone from the north as a face of man and stood for a long time and hid again in the air”. On October 15, 1595, over the city of Târgovi_te, besieged by Michael the Brave, appeared “a great comet”, which was not seen anywhere else. There are also many remarks from the beginning of the 20th century. During the Second World War pilots from both camps watched UFOs; Americans have called them “foo-fighters”. Several thousand “ghost missiles” flew in 1946 over the Scandinavian peninsula. In July 1947, a vivid excitement was made to announce the capture of a crashed UFO near Roswell’s military base. The official explanation was that a meteorological balloon collapsed. More than 30 years ago, some eyewitnesses gave details of what happened. A 1995 US Congress inquiry revealed that the documents of the military base at that time were destroyed, but, contrary to the regulations, the destruction was not recorded, missing the name of the one who ordered the destruction. There have also disappeared from the Truman Museum transcripts of phone calls for those days. Officials (especially the army) of the US, USSR, France, the United Kingdom, China and many other countries have been concerned about the phenomenon. Some recently declassified archives prove this. In the US and other countries, military aviation regulations provided rigorous procedures when observing a UFO. Disdained public interest in this subject and sometimes discredited those who were concerned with the subject, especially by falsifying false documents or films, about alleged collaboration between officials and aliens. In the 1970s, the so-called “UFO abductions” were at the forefront of attention. At a 1992 conference on this topic, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology examined 2000 unexplained cases. A third interesting direction in the eighties has been the parallel between the UFO phenomenon, religious appearances, mythology, folkloric characters etc, considering, on the basis of many details, that all of these would have a common cause.

World UFO Day Organization (WUFODO) declared 2 July “World Day of Unidentified Flying Objects”. This day is celebrated since 2001, annually on July 2 and marks the event that took place on the night of July 2 to July 3, 1947 at Roswell.

Observations on UFOs are classified according to the characteristics of the phenomenon or object that are then recorded or reported. Typical categories are:

  • Plate, or ship-shaped disc, without visible or audible propulsion
  • Moving fast lights or bright lights with the apparent ability to change direction quickly and then suddenly stop
  • Large triangular vessels or a triangular model of light
  • Cigar-shaped ships with lighted windows
  • Other: Arrows, equilateral triangles, spheres, domes, diamonds, black diffuse masses, cylinders

In investigating the UFO phenomenon, the “contact” problem was usually marginalized, for obvious reasons, considering it to have done more harm than the “cause”. In recent years, however, it has been brought back to the wallpaper, especially in the context of the multiplication of reports of UFO kidnappings. But who are actually “contacts”?

The prototype “contact” can be considered George Adamski (1891-1965). In his books written in 1955 and 1961, he stated that on November 20, 1952, with four companions, he saw a giant oval ship landing and he met personally with one of the occupants of the shuttle, a man with a human appearance, with blond hair falling on her shoulders. He sends telepathically to Adamski, among other things, the information that aliens are very worried about earthly nuclear experiences. Adamski says he was later taken to a UFO and described a radiation belt around the Earth seen in his alleged cosmic journey (science will only discover the Van Allen radiation belts in 1958 as a result of Explorer 1 missions and Explorer 3). He also states that during the same journey he was told about some aliens living on the Earth, about the fact that Earth is a kind of crèche for our civilization, which is only the first steps of its evolution, about UFO- And let them live on other planets. In this sense, Adamski will establish a sect to properly welcome the space brothers. The UFOs he photographed were said to be fake, but this could not be proven, with all the efforts made, including recently. It was also discovered that Adamski had attempted to establish before the war a sect, called the “Royal Order of Tibet,” while being in close contact with William Dudley Pelley, the head of the US fascist movement. All this has contributed to its discrediting.

The Adamski case has triggered a real “contact” epidemic, people who are convinced that they are chosen by alien civilizations for a mission: first of all, to convey messages to mankind, most often warnings of ecological dangers, in particular those Generated by nuclear arming. Soon, many other people, including Adamski’s associates or friends, will also be called “contacts.” Among them are the authors of books or founders of sects, that the famous father of the Scientology Church, L. Ron Hubbard. It is worth mentioning some of the best-known “contact”. Truman Bethtum, a road construction worker, published a book in 1954 at the age of 56, telling himself that one night in the Moiave desert area he was brought to a flying saucer, where he did Acquaintance with the head of the expedition, coming from Clarion, a splendid woman called Aura Rhanes, whom she will meet again in other times. Another famous “contact”, Daniel Fry, was a rocket specialist and friend of Ronald Reagan, the next US president. Another visitor called Alan – who invites him on a flying saucer trip – told Fry that the Earth is heading for a nuclear holocaust, urging him to write a warning book in this regard.

Orpheus Angelucii of Los Angeles, “the space brothers,” tells him that the materialist vision of earthlings prevents their spiritual development. It is more important to him that the “Space Brothers” (among whom he claims to have been Jesus Christ) live among us, unknown, preparing the new era to come. American “contact” Howard Meneger, a company painter, has published numerous machine schemes according to instructions from aliens. Unfortunately, the prototypes built on their basis have never worked. London King George was the first “contacted” European. One night in May 1954, he mentally received the indication that he would become the earthly representative in a so-called “Interplanetary Council”. King establishes, according to the same instructions, Aethrius Society, moving to California, where he continued his missionary activity. One of his unwarranted interventions is a battery that loads with spiritual energy emanating from the prayers of believers. Claude Vorillhon, a racing pilot and French journalist, states that in 1973, in Clermont-Derrand, aliens sent him a message. Among other things, it is explained that aliens created the human species, then sent for their “contact” guidance such as: Moses, Buddha, Mohamed or Joseph Smith (the founder of the Mormon sect). They continue to live on some planets that our hero has already visited. Vorillhon, called to join this series, changed his name to Raël and founded the “sect of the Raelians.” Eduard Meier, a Swiss peasant farmer, also met with aliens, the first time on January 28, 1975, after which their relationships became systematic. The controversial “contacted” states that he has come into contact with creatures from the Pleiades star club, including the blonde Semjase, of disturbing beauty despite his 400-year-old age. The heart of the message he receives is that the earthlings must stand alone in peace and universal love, not seen by anybody else. In his books, as well as those of other authors about him, hundreds of excellent UFO pictures have been included. Unfortunately, analyzed with the computer, the images turned out to be fake. Another case of “contact” is William Herrmann who, as of March 18, 1979, will be repeatedly kidnapped by UFOs apparently coming from Zeta Reticuli. Visitors tell him that he fears that people will abuse his knowledge, admit that Roswell, Laredo, etc. collapsed ships. Were theirs (earth radar disrupted their guidance systems) and so on. Herrmann is called a kind of ambassador among the earthly, giving him a metallic parallelepiped that says “MAN”. The recent accumulation of thousands of carefully scrutinized reports on IV grade meetings that contain a large number of elements that coincide with those reported by “contact” complicates things even more. Obviously, here too, as in the whole UFO research, the answers are missing. So the gates remain open, as well as more convincing evidence (Obiect zburtor neidentificat, Wikipedia).

There are about as many UFO pictures as in the case of Loch Ness monsters (in fact, they are even more numerous) and they are of the same quality: blurry and fake. Strangely, the emergence of cheap camcorders was a drop in viewing new UFOs. Other physical evidence, such as the alleged remnants of alien or terrestrial burns from alien landings or implants in the nose or brain of foreign kidnappers, have been found to be quite terrestrial, including forgeries. The main reasons for believing in UFOs are the questionable interpretations of visual experiences, the testimony of many people, the inability to distinguish science-fiction science, the desire to trust in incompetent people by telling fantastic stories, the ability not to trust all The contrary sources as part of an evil conspiracy to keep the truth and a desire to come into contact with the above world. Belief in strangers and UFOs is akin to belief in supernatural beings. As Paul Kurtz says.

“UFOlogy is the mythology of the space age. Rather than angels … now we have … aliens. It is the product of creative imagination. It serves a poetic and existential function. It tries to give people roots and deeper angles in the universe. It is an expression of our hunger for mystery … our hope for transcendental significance. The Gods in Mt. Olympus have been transformed into space voyagers, transporting us through our dreams to other realms. “

Dr. J. Allen Hynek, the astronomer, UFO’s largest supporter and the one who came up with the phrase “near-third encounters,” defines a UFO as:

“The perception of an object or light seen in the heavens or on the earth, the appearance, the trajectory and the dynamic and general luminiscent behavior that does not suggest a logical and conventional explanation and which not only contradicts the original perivents but remains unidentified after an examination Of all the evidence available to those who are capable of technically identifying common sense if possible.”

These frightening words seem to say that when you see something intelligent people can’t reasonably explain, then you see a UFO. Witnesses to such observations often claim that what they saw could not be explained by the known laws of physics. They claim to have witnessed a violation of a law of nature, that is, of a miracle. Dan Aykroyd, for example, claims he saw “high altitude, brilliant magnetic disks traveling at 32,000 kilometers per hour at 30,480 meters … from wing to wing, from edge to edge.”

What Hynek considers to be “all the evidence available” may be much smaller than what a skeptic would demand. For example, the evidence made by UFOlogists consists in (1) the testimony of persons claiming to have seen strangers and/or foreign spacecraft; (2) facts about the type of witnesses; (3) lack of contrary testimony or physical evidence to explain either conventional observation (meteorological balloon, joke, meteor, reflection of light, etc.), or discredit the eyewitness reliability; And, (4) alleged deficiencies in the arguments of skeptics against UFOlogists. The latter element is irrelevant to this problem, but it plays a disproportionately high role in UFOlogy.

Attacking the opponent’s arguments or motives, instead of presenting positive evidence in defending their own vision, is common among defenders of the claim that UFOs are foreign spacecraft. Of course, there is nothing wrong with attacking the opponent’s argument and exposing weaknesses and mistakes. But rejection is not a substitute for support. It’s simply a bad logic to assume that because the opponent’s motives are wrong, the motives are valid. Your own reasons may be as erroneous as your opponent or even worse.

Another common UFO engagement tactic is to claim that the skeptic can’t prove that what was seen was not an alien craft. One should deduce from this that the perception was probably an alien craft. This kind of reasoning is known as argumentum ad ignorantiam. A complaint does not become real or reasonable if a contrary claim can’t prove to be true. With arguments for UFOs there are two distinct movements here. One is to claim that no logical explanation is possible, as a scientist, pilot, colonel of the Air Force or doctorate. I can’t think of one. The other must indicate the lack of evidence to the contrary: no counter-testimony of other eyewitnesses, no proof that there were no aliens or foreign spacecraft. And here is a logical error. The fact that a certain genius can’t explain something is irrelevant in deciding whether the correct explanation should be formulated in terms of visitors from outer space. The choice is not (A) we know that this conventional explanation is correct, or (B) we must conclude that the aliens have visited us.

It seems more reasonable to believe that the only reason why we can’t explain these views by conventional means is that we do not have all the evidence; not because these views are probably due to foreign visits. If we had all the evidence, we could probably explain observations by conventional means. The fact that we can’t prove that Mr and Mrs Barney Hill were not kidnapped by foreigners does not support the hypothesis that they have been kidnapped by strangers.

Many UFOlogists believe that if eyewitnesses such as Whitley Strieber, Betty and Barney Hill or other supposed kidnapped aliens are not mad or bad, then they can’t be deceived and have to be shown accurate beliefs about extraterrestrial kidnapping. However, it seems that the healthiest, the best ordinary people are deceived by many things and do not trust certain things. While it is generally reasonable to believe the testimony of normal, good, normal people, without any further reason, it does not mean that if you can’t prove that a person is disturbed, ill or deceived, you have to trust his testimony about anything You claim anything. When the claim type implies incredible evidence, in addition to witness testimony, it is necessary. Would it be reasonable to condemn a paraplegic of a crime based on the testimony of the ten pillars of the community who said they saw the defendant flying naked with angel wings and snatched the bag from a little old lady? It is more reasonable to believe that good people do bad things or are deceived than to think that a paraplegic could burn wings and fly.

UFO logists would rather follow their flawed logic than accept the conclusions of the Blue Book Project, the US Air Force report that “after twenty-two years of investigation … none of the unidentified objects reported and evaluated did not pose a threat “(In this blue book, Edward Ruppelt invented the term” unidentified flying objects, “preferring the” flying saucer.”) UFOlogists are not impressed by the Condon report as well Edward U. Condon was the head of a team of scientific research that was contracted to the University of Colorado to examine the UFO issue. “His report concluded that” nothing has emerged from the UFO study over the past 21 years that has brought about scientific knowledge … the in-depth study of the UFO can’t be justified in the hope that science will be advanced through it.”

It is assumed by UFOlogists that the government, especially the CIA, is mindful of and covers foreign landings and communication. However, there is no evidence to do so except a general mistrust of the government and the fact that many government officials have lied, distorted the truth and were mistaken when reporting to the general public. However, the CIA showed little interest in UFOs around 1950, except that it encouraged UFOlogists to believe that recognition flights could be alien boats. UFOlogists prefer another lie of government lies. They support, for example, NBC’s work, which produced two dozen programs called the “UFO Project”, which is said to be based on the Blue Book Project. However, unlike the Air Force, NBC has suggested that there have been documented cases of observation of foreign spacecraft. The programs, produced by Jack Webb of Dragnet’s fame, distorted and falsified the information to make the presentation look more credible. No UFOlogist took NBC to do the task of lying. For skepticism, NBC has been leaning toward the audience’s taste of viewing. Government agencies live for all sorts of reasons, but the cover of alien landings does not seem to be one of them.

Most unidentified flying objects are eventually identified as raging or astronomical events, aircraft, satellites, meteorological balloons or other natural phenomena. Some are not solved because of inconclusive evidence. No one has been resolved by presenting overwhelming evidence that aliens flew or landed on our planet.

The reason why no logical explanation seems credible to UFOlogists is likely that those who do and hear the reports either do not want to hear a logical explanation, or do little or no effort to find one. In any case, the fact that some pilots or scientists claim that they can’t think of any logical explanation for some perceptual observations is not evidence that they have noticed alien spaceships.

Finally, it should be noted that UFOs are usually observed by sky-observers and almost never by professional astronomers or amateurs, people who spend excessive time observing the above-mentioned heavens. These uninvited observers were helped by the availability of cheap camcorders, however, despite the enormous increase in the volume of such cameras, there has been a decrease in the number of UFO observations. However, it would be thought that astronomers have so far noticed some of these alien craft. Perhaps alien aliens know that good scientists are skeptical and curious. Such beings could pose a threat to the security of a good story (Condon, 2014).

Conclusion

Obviously there have been many reports of this, many of which are just fakes. However, we can’t speak of falsehood or human error when we have the common testimony of thousands of people, or when the phenomenon is observed and reported by aviation officers in mission, or when the flying object crashed on the ground (this looks like nor the UFO are not perfect).

Now is the time to build new ships with more and more modern capabilities.

Unfortunately, the physics we master today does not allow us to build such super-performance accelerators.

Until we master an advanced technique up to such a level, we can replace particle accelerators with very high-power lasers and repeated impulses at extremely low intervals.

Obviously, if today we can’t create and build performance particles accelerators, not even stationary, the ships of this kind were not terrestrial, the more that they could be seen from ancient times, that is when man still did not know how to fly.

An important observation is that aliens have evolved along with their flying boats, which over time have had more and more modern and dynamic aspects.

Another important observation is that after the Second World War we started to build modern flying ships with many capabilities that can easily be confused with an alien ship.

References

Military aviation, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_aviation

Aversa, R., R.V.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F.I.T. Petrescu, 2017a. Nano-diamond hybrid materials for structural biomedical application. Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, B. Akash, R.B. Bucinell and J.M. Corchado et al., 2017b. Kinematics and forces to a new model forging manipulator. Am. J. Applied Sci., 14: 60-80.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella, I.T.F. Petrescu and J.K. Calautit et al., 2017c. Something about the V engines design. Am. J. Applied Sci., 14: 34-52.

Aversa, R., D. Parcesepe, R.V.V. Petrescu, F. Berto and G. Chen et al., 2017d. Process ability of bulk metallic glasses. Am. J. Applied Sci., 14: 294-301.

Aversa, R., R.V.V. Petrescu, B. Akash, R.B. Bucinell and J.M. Corchado et al., 2017e. Something about the balancing of thermal motors. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 10: 200.217. DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2017.200.217

Aversa, R., F.I.T. Petrescu, R.V. Petrescu and A. Apicella, 2016a. Biomimetic FEA bone modeling for customized hybrid biological prostheses development. Am. J. Applied Sci., 13: 1060-1067. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2016.1060.1067

Aversa, R., D. Parcesepe, R.V. Petrescu, G. Chen and F.I.T. Petrescu et al., 2016b. Glassy amorphous metal injection molded induced morphological defects. Am. J. Applied Sci., 13: 1476-1482.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, F.I.T. Petrescu and A. Apicella, 2016c. Smart-factory: Optimization and process control of composite centrifuged pipes. Am. J. Applied Sci., 13: 1330-1341.

Aversa, R., F. Tamburrino, R.V. Petrescu, F.I.T. Petrescu and M. Artur et al., 2016d. Biomechanically inspired shape memory effect machines driven by muscle like acting NiTi alloys. Am. J. Applied Sci., 13: 1264-1271.

Aversa, R., E.M. Buzea, R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and M. Neacsa et al., 2016e. Present a mechatronic system having able to determine the concentration of carotenoids. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1106-1111.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, R. Sorrentino, F.I.T. Petrescu and A. Apicella, 2016f. Hybrid ceramo-polymeric nanocomposite for biomimetic scaffolds design and preparation. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1096-1105.

Aversa, R., V. Perrotta, R.V. Petrescu, C. Misiano and F.I.T. Petrescu et al., 2016g. From structural colors to super-hydrophobicity and achromatic transparent protective coatings: Ion plating plasma assisted TiO2 and SiO2 Nano-film deposition. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1037-1045.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, F.I.T. Petrescu and A. Apicella, 2016h Biomimetic and Evolutionary Design Driven Innovation in Sustainable Products Development, Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1027-1036.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F.I.T. Petrescu, 2016i. Mitochondria are naturally micro robots-a review. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 991-1002.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F.I.T. Petrescu, 2016j. We are addicted to vitamins C and E-A review. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1003-1018.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F.I.T. Petrescu, 2016k. Physiologic human fluids and swelling behavior of hydrophilic biocompatible hybrid ceramo-polymeric materials. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 962-972.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F.I.T. Petrescu, 2016l. One can slow down the aging through antioxidants. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1112-1126.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F.I.T. Petrescu, 2016m. About homeopathy or jSimilia similibus curenturk. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1164-1172.

Aversa, R., R.V. Petrescu, A. Apicella and F.I.T. Petrescu, 2016n. The basic elements of life’s. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1189-1197.

Aversa, R., F.I.T. Petrescu, R.V. Petrescu and A. Apicella, 2016o. Flexible stem trabecular prostheses. Am. J. Eng. Applied Sci., 9: 1213-1221.

Mirsayar, M.M., V.A. Joneidi, R.V.V. Petrescu, F.I.T. Petrescu and F. Berto, 2017 Extended MTSN criterion for fracture analysis of soda lime glass. Eng. Fracture Mechanics 178: 50-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.04.018

Petrescu, R.V. and F.I. Petrescu, 2013a. Lockheed Martin. 1st Edn., CreateSpace, pp: 114.

Petrescu, R.V. and F.I. Petrescu, 2013b. Northrop. 1st Edn., CreateSpace, pp: 96.

Petrescu, R.V. and F.I. Petrescu, 2013c. The Aviation History or New Aircraft I Color. 1st Edn., CreateSpace, pp: 292.

Petrescu, F.I. and R.V. Petrescu, 2012. New Aircraft II. 1st Edn., Books On Demand, pp: 138.

Petrescu, F.I. and R.V. Petrescu, 2011. Memories About Flight. 1st Edn., CreateSpace, pp: 652.

Petrescu, F.I.T., 2009. New aircraft. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computational Mechanics, Oct. 29-30, Brasov, Romania.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2016a Otto Motor Dynamics, GEINTEC-GESTAO INOVACAO E TECNOLOGIAS, 6(3):3392-3406.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2016b Dynamic Cinematic to a Structure 2R, GEINTEC-GESTAO INOVACAO E TECNOLOGIAS, 6(2):3143-3154.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2014a Cam Gears Dynamics in the Classic Distribution, Independent Journal of Management & Production, 5(1):166-185.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2014b High Efficiency Gears Synthesis by Avoid the Interferences, Independent Journal of Management & Production, 5(2):275-298.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu R.V., 2014c Gear Design, ENGEVISTA, 16(4):313-328.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2014d Balancing Otto Engines, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 8(3):473-480.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2014e Machine Equations to the Classical Distribution, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 8(2):309-316.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2014f Forces of Internal Combustion Heat Engines, International Review on Modelling and Simulations 7(1):206-212.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2014g Determination of the Yield of Internal Combustion Thermal Engines, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 8(1):62-67.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2014h Cam Dynamic Synthesis, Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, 10(1):1-23.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu R.V., 2013a Dynamic Synthesis of the Rotary Cam and Translated Tappet with Roll, ENGEVISTA 15(3):325-332.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2013b Cams with High Efficiency, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 7(4):599-606.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2013c An Algorithm for Setting the Dynamic Parameters of the Classic Distribution Mechanism, International Review on Modelling and Simulations 6(5B):1637-1641.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2013d Dynamic Synthesis of the Rotary Cam and Translated Tappet with Roll, International Review on Modelling and Simulations 6(2B):600-607.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2013e Forces and Efficiency of Cams, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 7(3):507-511.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2012a Echilibrarea motoarelor termice, Create Space publisher, USA, November 2012, ISBN 978-1-4811-2948-0, 40 pages, Romanian edition.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2012b Camshaft Precision, Create Space publisher, USA, November 2012, ISBN 978-1-4810-8316-4, 88 pages, English edition.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2012c Motoare termice, Create Space publisher, USA, October 2012, ISBN 978-1-4802-0488-1, 164 pages, Romanian edition.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2011a Dinamica mecanismelor de distributie, Create Space publisher, USA, December 2011, ISBN 978-1-4680-5265-7, 188 pages, Romanian version.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2011b Trenuri planetare, Create Space publisher, USA, December 2011, ISBN 978-1-4680-3041-9, 204 pages, Romanian version.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu, R.V., 2011c Gear Solutions, Create Space publisher, USA, November 2011, ISBN 978-1-4679-8764-6, 72 pages, English version.

Petrescu, F.I. and R.V. Petrescu, 2005. Contributions at the dynamics of cams. Proceedings of the 9th IFToMM International Symposium on Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, (TMM’ 05), Bucharest, Romania, pp: 123-128.

Petrescu, F. and R. Petrescu, 1995. Contributii la sinteza mecanismelor de distributie ale motoarelor cu ardere internã. Proceedings of the ESFA Conferinta, (ESFA’ 95), Bucuresti, pp: 257-264.

Petrescu, FIT., 2015a Geometrical Synthesis of the Distribution Mechanisms, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(1):63-81. DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.63.81

Petrescu, FIT., 2015b Machine Motion Equations at the Internal Combustion Heat Engines, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(1):127-137. DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.127.137

Petrescu, F.I., 2012b Teoria mecanismelor – Curs si aplicatii (editia a doua), Create Space publisher, USA, September 2012, ISBN 978-1-4792-9362-9, 284 pages, Romanian version, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2917.1926

Petrescu, F.I., 2008. Theoretical and applied contributions about the dynamic of planar mechanisms with superior joints. PhD Thesis, Bucharest Polytechnic University.

Petrescu, FIT.; Calautit, JK.; Mirsayar, M.; Marinkovic, D.; 2015 Structural Dynamics of the Distribution Mechanism with Rocking Tappet with Roll, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(4):589-601. DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.589.601

Petrescu, FIT.; Calautit, JK.; 2016 About Nano Fusion and Dynamic Fusion, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(3):261-266.

Petrescu, R.V.V., R. Aversa, A. Apicella, F. Berto and S. Li et al., 2016a. Ecosphere protection through green energy. Am. J. Applied Sci., 13: 1027-1032. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2016.1027.1032

Petrescu, F.I.T., A. Apicella, R.V.V. Petrescu, S.P. Kozaitis and R.B. Bucinell et al., 2016b. Environmental protection through nuclear energy. Am. J. Applied Sci., 13: 941-946.

Petrescu, F.I., Petrescu R.V., 2017 Velocities and accelerations at the 3R robots, ENGEVISTA 19(1):202-216.

Petrescu, RV., Petrescu, FIT., Aversa, R., Apicella, A., 2017 Nano Energy, Engevista, 19(2):267-292.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 ENERGIA VERDE PARA PROTEGER O MEIO AMBIENTE, Geintec, 7(1):3722-3743.

Aversa, R., Petrescu, RV., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Under Water, OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 17(2): 70-87.

Aversa, R., Petrescu, RV., Apicella, A., Petrescu, Fit., 2017 Nano-Diamond Hybrid Materials for Structural Biomedical Application, American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 13(1): 34-41.

Syed, J., Dharrab, AA., Zafa, MS., Khand, E., Aversa, R., Petrescu, RV., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Influence of Curing Light Type and Staining Medium on the Discoloring Stability of Dental Restorative Composite, American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 13(1): 42-50.

Aversa, R., Petrescu, RV., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Chen, G., Li, S., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Kinematics and Forces to a New Model Forging Manipulator, American Journal of Applied Sciences 14(1):60-80.

Aversa, R., Petrescu, RV., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., Calautit, JK., Mirsayar, MM., Bucinell, R., Berto, F., Akash, B., 2017 Something about the V Engines Design, American Journal of Applied Sciences 14(1):34-52.

Aversa, R., Parcesepe, D., Petrescu, RV., Berto, F., Chen, G., Petrescu, FIT., Tamburrino, F., Apicella, A., 2017 Processability of Bulk Metallic Glasses, American Journal of Applied Sciences 14(2): 294-301.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Calautit, JK., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Yield at Thermal Engines Internal Combustion, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10(1): 243-251.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Velocities and Accelerations at the 3R Mechatronic Systems, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10(1): 252-263.

Berto, F., Gagani, A., Petrescu, RV., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 A Review of the Fatigue Strength of Load Carrying Shear Welded Joints, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10(1):1-12.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Anthropomorphic Solid Structures n-R Kinematics, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10(1): 279-291.

Aversa, R., Petrescu, RV., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Chen, G., Li, S., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Something about the Balancing of Thermal Motors, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10(1):200-217.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Inverse Kinematics at the Anthropomorphic Robots, by a Trigonometric Method, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 394-411.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Calautit, JK., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Forces at Internal Combustion Engines, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 382-393.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Gears-Part I, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 457-472.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Gears-Part II, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 473-483.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Cam-Gears Forces, Velocities, Powers and Efficiency, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 491-505.

Aversa, R., Petrescu, RV., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 A Dynamic Model for Gears, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 484-490.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Kosaitis, S., Abu-Lebdeh, T., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Dynamics of Mechanisms with Cams Illustrated in the Classical Distribution, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 551-567.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Bucinell, R., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Kosaitis, S., Abu-Lebdeh, T., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Testing by Non-Destructive Control, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 568-583.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Li, S., Mirsayar, MM., Bucinell, R., Kosaitis, S., Abu-Lebdeh, T., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Electron Dimensions, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2): 584-602.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Kozaitis, S., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Deuteron Dimensions, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(3).

Petrescu RV., Aversa R., Apicella A., Petrescu FIT., 2017 Transportation Engineering, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(3).

Petrescu RV., Aversa R., Kozaitis S., Apicella A., Petrescu FIT., 2017 Some Proposed Solutions to Achieve Nuclear Fusion, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(3).

Petrescu RV., Aversa R., Kozaitis S., Apicella A., Petrescu FIT., 2017 Some Basic Reactions in Nuclear Fusion, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(3).

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Bucinell, Ronald; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Mirsayar, MirMilad; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017a Modern Propulsions for Aerospace-A Review, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(1):1-8.

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Bucinell, Ronald; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Mirsayar, MirMilad; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017b Modern Propulsions for Aerospace-Part II, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(1):9-17.

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Bucinell, Ronald; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Mirsayar, MirMilad; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017c History of Aviation-A Short Review, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(1):30-49.

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Bucinell, Ronald; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Mirsayar, MirMilad; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017d Lockheed Martin-A Short Review, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(1):50-68.

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Mirsayar, MirMilad; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017e Our Universe, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(2):69-79.

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Mirsayar, MirMilad; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017f What is a UFO?, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(2):80-90.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 About Bell Helicopter FCX-001 Concept Aircraft-A Short Review, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(2):91-96.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Home at Airbus, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(2):97-118.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Kozaitis, S., Abu-Lebdeh, T., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Airlander, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(2):119-148.

Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 When Boeing is Dreaming – a Review, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(3).

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017 About Northrop Grumman, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(3).

Petrescu, Relly Victoria; Aversa, Raffaella; Akash, Bilal; Corchado, Juan; Berto, Filippo; Apicella, Antonio; Petrescu, Florian Ion Tiberiu; 2017 Some Special Aircraft, Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology, 1(3).

History of aviation, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aviation

History of ballooning, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ballooning

Airship, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airship

Posted by Admin in Scaffolding - Comments (0)
7 September

Eavesdropping On A Job Costing Conversation Between Two Contractors

By Ron Roberts

Early one Saturday morning, two friends were having a cup of coffee together doing what businessmen do: discussing business. Despite both being concrete contractors, their backgrounds, businesses, and successes could hardly be different.

John Gains runs a $20 million business that serves the commercial, industrial, and institutional markets. He founded his company 20 years ago with his brother Ted. They started out pouring patios, sidewalks, and driveways for home builders and home owners. John bought out his brother 10 years ago, switched the companys focus, and grew his company into the machine it is today.

Terry Fulton had a far different introduction to the concrete business. His father owned and operated a small concrete company. Terry went to work for his father in the field at age 16 but moved onto other companies after dropping out of high school. He continued to work in the field forming, pouring and finishing concrete during his teens and twenties. For years, Terry rejected his fathers invitations to join the family business.

10 years ago, after being frustrated by the poor leadership and unsteady hours of the companies he worked for, Terry changed his mind and joined his father. His confidence as a businessman grew so much over five years that he ended up buying his father out. The company pours residential foundations, driveways, and patios. Terrys company has never generated more than $2 million in sales.

During this mornings conversation with John, Terry revealed that despite hitting his financial goals most years, he really doesnt have any idea what individual jobs cost him. John sympathized with Terrys plight.

He remembered how much harder it was to track costs back when his company was doing jobs that ran between one and two days. Today, his typical project runs several weeks. His team tracks all costs per job, his knows each jobs profitability, and his estimators excel at cost prediction. John had discovered a truth about job costing the smaller the average job, the harder it is to track costs in a meaningful way.

John took a slow drink of coffee and decided to try and help Terry out. What is keeping you from knowing your project costs?

Terry explained. When we run a job cost report from our accounting system it shows the labor charges assigned to the job and the materials that were delivered to the job. The report doesnt include material taken from inventory such as nails, wood, plastic sheets, and gravel. The report doesnt include the cost of our equipment, such as our Bobcat, nor labor burden, nor overhead.

Terrys answer told John everything he needed to know about Terrys approach to job costing. It was filled with holes. John proceeded with his questioning.

How do you estimate jobs?

I predict the labor time and material costs then add in overhead. I double check the cost per square foot or cubic yard against our averages to make sure I didnt blow a calc. Dad had so much experience he could look at a job and just know. I cant do that.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQwoC8JwgK8[/youtube]

Okay. More questions. How are you tracking time?

My foremen write down the hours each worker worked and what job they worked on. Many of our jobs span two days, so the foremen note the time the crew finishes the first job and moves on to the next.

From his own experience with small residential jobs, John knew most of Terrys jobs varied greatly in preparation, forming, and finishing. Terry wasnt tracking the labor in a useful way. John continued on.

Does the time required for base preparation, layout, and forming per square foot run consistent or does it vary greatly?

The average varies greatly between driveways, patios, and sidewalks but it even varies quite a bit even within each category. Curved driveways and sidewalks throw all the averages off.

Have you tried to track the labor time by task?

I dont understand your question.

Have you ever asked your foremen to note the time spent prepping the ground, the time spent installing the forms, the time spent pouring, and the time spent finishing?

Yes, and it created a mess. My foremen complained. My bookkeeper complained. The timecards were loaded with errors and the data didnt make any sense. We gave up.

Terrys response brought back many painful memories for John. He had fought this battle for years. He explained to the foremen why job costing was so important to the amount of work his company could provide them. That worked with several of his foremen but not all. He finally laid down the law to his foremen and superintendents. When he made recording labor time by work task a non-negotiable part of their job, the entire team started doing a better job with the paperwork.

Terry, first of all, you need to track the time spent on the major tasks. You will never be able to estimate and schedule accurately without that information. Second, you must be firm with your foreman and bookkeeper. They will record and store that information accurately. Oh, and change your time cards. Assign cost codes to each major task and put the codes on the back of the timecard.

How many different codes should I use? Do I try to catch all of their activities?

Focus on the activities that account for 80% of their time. My rule of thumb is Never try to track more than four activities per crew per day.

When I was your size, my foremen tracked time by the major components: ground preparation, layout, forming, pouring and finishing, cleanup, and drive time. The projects my company now performs allows us to have specialized crews. Each crew has its own set of cost codes. For example, our forming crew tracks layout time, forming time, and break-down and clean-up. They also track the part of the job they are working on, whether it is footings, slabs, or walls.

Wow. My foremen and bookkeeper are going to throw a fit.

Thats why you have to make proper tracking a non-negotiable. By the way, you should also track your equipment by the job. Unless all jobs need the exact same equipment, you need to spread the cost of the equipment only over the jobs that use it.

Why cant I just roll my equipment costs into overhead?

You will end up over-estimating the cost of jobs that dont need the equipment and under-estimating the cost of the jobs that do need it. You might lose good jobs and win bad ones.

Ouch. Okay, so how can I track the use of inventory?

Honestly, we still fight that one. If I were in your shoes, I would assume the quantity estimated is what went in.

How is my accounting system going to reflect that?

Great question. Unless you are using sophisticated or customized accounting software, your accounting system will probably never produce a report that shows the true job costs. We have special reports written into our package.

When I was your size, we relied on Excel spreadsheets. We loaded the labor hours, equipment hours, and inventoried material quantities into a spreadsheet and calculated the costs based on our fully burdened labor rates, our average material costs, and our hourly equipment rate. We added in all other direct costs such and delivered materials and subcontractors. We compared the cost produced by our spreadsheet against the cost we estimated for the project.

That sounds like a lot of work. Is there a quick and dirty way?

John smiled at Terrys question. Everyone wants a fast and simple solution to tough problems. In this case, there was one.

Just track your labor hours per cost code. Compare the hours used against the hours estimated. If you are good on hours, you should be close on cost and schedule.

I always thought that might work. Whats the downside?

Construction isnt the most profitable business in the world. Running a little over on materials or using equipment inefficiently eats holes into your profits. Not as much as running over on hours, but it does hurt.

John, youve got THAT look on your face again. What are you holding back?

John didnt want to insult Terry, but Terry asked for it. Terry, you may be still missing a critical benefit of job costing. It allows you to set up effective bonus systems for motivating and rewarding fast work. Having fast crews is a tremendous competitive advantage and virtually recession proofs your business all by itself.

Terry was just beginning to realize Johns real message: job costing is essential to running a construction business profitably. Thats why Terry enjoys his coffees with John. Johns been there, done that, and willing to help Terry as long as Terry listens.

For large concrete contractors such as John, job costing is fairly straight forward and easy to get right. For small concrete contractors such as Terry, job costing is a never ending headachebut it is essential to the long term health of every construction company.

About the Author: Ron Roberts, The Contractor’s Business Coach, teaches contractors how to turn their businesses into money making machines. To receive Ron’s FREE Contractor Best Practices Newsletter visit

FilthyRichContractor.com

Source:

isnare.com

Permanent Link:

isnare.com/?aid=185178&ca=Business+Management

Posted by Admin in Scaffolding - Comments (0)
3 June

Steps Involved With Deck And/Or Patio Construction

By Glover Paul

One way to extend your indoor activities outdoors and integrate the backyard into your daily lives is to add a deck or patio – a deck or patio that emphasizes open air dining and entertainment. From the comfort of your own home, you can enjoy fresh air, cookouts, and all around family fun from one of these and you can do it with the knowledge that it was built to last by professional contractors.

What’s the First Thing to Do?

If you’re new to home additions, it’s natural to be curious about the things that your selected contractor will do. But since adding on a deck or patio is a rather intensive project, your curiosity will soon be satisfied once you begin discussing its plans. Through these plans, both you and your contractor will discuss things like the width of your deck floor, the height of your patio roof, and the materials that your deck and/or patio will be made with. Some of the other things you’ll discuss answer questions like:

1.How high should the patio roof be elevated?

2.What will cover the roof? Shingles? Flat Tar?

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cC_ufu3RzBo[/youtube]

3.What will the flooring be covered with? Tile? Concrete?

One very important discussion that you’ll have with your contractor regards your lifestyle. By discussing how you’ll use your deck and/or patio, your contractor can help you design a structure that works well with everyone in the home – even the family pet!

After the Plans

Once you’ve created suitable plans, your contractor will take the appropriate measurements and adjust your plans so that they fit well within your outside space. When your contractor begins to layout your deck’s and/or patio’s foundation, you may hear a lot of hammering, pounding, digging, and sawing. But these are the musical sounds of a beautifully laid out perimeter being born – a perimeter carefully structured according to a depth and width that follows city ordinance code.

Everything Starts With A Good Foundation

Soon after, you’ll witness the artistry of concrete pouring which is an exciting process to watch. There’s mixing, pouring, rodding and jitterbugging all before the final act of smoothing the concrete’s surface. It’s really isn’t that hard get emotional about a concrete slab once it resembles what you’ll soon claim as your patio and/or deck floor!

Three Sides and A Top

After your deck’s and/or patio’s cement floor has set, your contractor will begin to erect the walls around the floor but don’t be surprised if you notice that the walls were pre-built. Excepting walls constructed out of stone or brick, this only makes the arrival of your dream addition quicker (not to mention more efficient for your builders). Whether you’ve decided on screen walls or a wooden fence, you’ll really start to recognize and appreciate the structure for what it’s on its way of becoming.

Now not all decks and/or patios are covered with a roof, however if yours will, its construction is the next step and will probably have all the amenities that the roof of your actual house has (gutters, supports, etc.).

Congratulations!

When complete, your only step is to decorate your deck and/or patio to your heart’s content – complete with potted plants, patio furniture, outdoor lamps and a barbecue pit!

About the Author: Paul White represents FloridaHomeBuild.com. A site designed to help home owners from Florida locate local home contractors with their home improvement projects. Visit Our Site: FloridaHomeBuild.com

Source: isnare.com

Permanent Link: isnare.com/?aid=133378&ca=Home+Management

Posted by Admin in Scaffolding - Comments (0)
9 October

Refinance &Amp; Mortgage Tips: Down Payment With Gift Letter

By Tristan Hunt

If you are a first time home buyer who has been out shopping for that dream house, you’ve probably already heard your real estate agent or property developer’s first question: ‘How much will you be putting down?’ If you have excellent credit, several years of consistent income on record and a relatively long history of using credit wisely, you may qualify for 100% financing, often referred to as a ‘No Money Down Mortgage’ or ‘Zero Down Home Loan’. But for the majority of new borrowers, a down payment is a prerequisite to buying a house, and finding 20% to 30% or more of the purchase price of a house can very often entail getting the money from family or friends. Getting that much money together can be tricky enough, however lenders will also require that every dollar used for a down payment be documented back to a specific funding source, and this can be particularly difficult when the money comes from a third party, which is why we have ‘Gift Letters’.

Newlyweds and young people generally have neither sufficient credit history nor income consistency to qualify for 100% financing, and are also the least likely to have sufficient savings and acceptable documentable assets to actually come up with the cash to make the down payment. Members of the family are in some ways the best and very often the only available source of down payment assistance available to ‘green’ borrowers. Your lender generally will only allow you to use money given to you by a true family member, i.e. your mother, father, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother, first cousin, etc. This means that you cannot use funds given to you by people who are really not family members, for example your friends or colleagues, however you may be able to use funds from a non-family third party if you can provide documentation of a very close and long lasting relationship. This is done primarily to prevent people from taking out personal loans which will have to be repaid to come up with their down payment, which have the potential to throw off the person’s debt to income ratio, or DTI. Basically, they don’t want you to take on more debt than they believe you can safely repay, otherwise they would have qualified you for 100% financing.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Si3O9jDwgxo[/youtube]

If you find yourself in a situation where you need to get money from your folks or other family to make a down payment on your new house, you will be required to prove that you did not borrow the money from them with an expectation on their part that it be repaid or with an intention on your part to repay it. In fact, both you and your family will need to prove to your lender that the money was given to you, in the form of a Gift. To verify that the funds are in fact given freely, your lender will require special documentation.

If you are applying for a new mortgage, you should receive as part of your loan application package a special form called a ‘Gift Letter’. The goal of this letter is to identify the source of the funds and assure the lender that they are in fact a gift. Typically, a gift letter will include the name of donor, the name of the recipient, the relationship between the two parties, the amount of the gift, the address of the property for which the gift is to be used to pay for, the fact that no repayment is required or expected, and an assurance that the person making the gift or the source of funds is not in nay way party or beneficiary to the transaction, e.g. not the broker, seller, agent, loan officer, builder and so on. In most cases the person giving the gift will be required to document where the money came from, such as a bank account or a brokerage account. If you are depositing the funds directly into escrow, or even if they are going into your bank account, take some precautions to document the transfer by keeping copies of the checks or deposit tickets/receipts from the bank/escrow agent.

About the Author: Tristan Hunt is a seasoned financial professional with a wealth of experience in the mortgage industry, advising clients on debt consolidation, refinancing & investor loans. Website: http://www.RefinanceOne.net

Source: isnare.com

Permanent Link: isnare.com/?aid=35589&ca=Finances

Posted by Admin in Scaffolding - Comments (0)
1 December